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Socio-culture

Tuesday, Jul 23 2019 | 397778 kali dilihat

SOCIO-CULTURE

Demography

Number of Population

The total number of Riau population in 12 regencies/towns by June 2015 is 5.877.887people including 3.027.274 males and 2.850.613 females.

The Total Population of Riau Province according to Sex by June 2015 

No

REGENCY/TOWN

MALE

FEMALE

TOTAL

1

Kampar Regency

371.449

351.720

723.169

2

Indragiri Hulu Regency

214.814

202.255

417.069

3

Bengkalis Regency

269.971

254.211

524.182

4

Indragiri Hilir Regency

319.318

292.291

611.609

5

Pelalawan Regency

187.809

173.524

361.333

6

Rokan Hulu Regency

286.272

271.780

558.052

7

Rokan Hilir Regency

323.863

302.674

626.537

8

Siak Regency

211.442

196.276

407.718

9

Kuantan Singingi Regency

165.610

157.612

323.222

10

Meranti Island Regency

106.193

98.132

204.325

11

Pekanbaru Town

434.566

421.690

856.256

12

Dumai Town

135.967

128.448

264.415

-

Total

3.027.274

2.850.613

5.877.887

Source: Department of Manpower, Transmigration and Population, Data of 2016 (Temporary Data)

In view of population number in each regency/town, the highest number of population is in Pekanbaru Town by 856.256 people including 434.566 males and 421.690 females. Besides, the lowest number of population is in Meranti Island Regency by 204.325 people including 106.193 males and 98.132 females. Viewed from the regency/town with the highest and the lowest number of Riau population, the number of male population is more dominant than female population.  

Population density

Population growth in a region can be measured through the population density, the higher the number of population is, the higher the population will be and vise versa.  The population density can be influenced by geographical factor (physiologic factor, natural sources, climate and topography) and demographical factor (birthrate, mortality and migration). In 2015, the number of Riau population is 5.877.887 people and the area is 89.150,16 Km2. Thus, the average of population density by June 2015 is 65,93 people/Km2 .

The average of Population Density by June 2015

No

   

REGENCY/TOWN

    

NUMBER OF POPULATION

     

AREA (KM2)

    

POPULATION DENSITY

1


Kampar Regency


723.169


10.928,20


66,17

2


Indragiri Hulu Regency


417.069


7.676,27


54,33

3


Bengkalis Regency


524.182


8.336,37


62,88

4


Indragiri Hilir Regency


611.609


13.798,37


44,32

5


Pelalawan Regency


361.333


12.404,14


29,13

6


Rokan Hulu Regency


558.052


7.229,78


77,19

7


Rokan Hilir Regency


626.537


8.961,43


69,91

8


Siak Regency


407.718


8.233,57


49,52

9


Kuantan Singingi Regency


323.222


5.202,16


62,13

10


Meranti Island Regency


204.325


3.707,86


55,11

11


Pekanbaru Town


856.256


633,01


1.352,67

12


Dumai Town


264.415


2.039,00


129,68

-


Total


5.877.887


89.150,16


65,93

Source: Department of Manpower, Transmigration and Population, Data of 2016 (Temporary Data)

Population Growth Rate

The table below shows that the rate of population growth in each regency/town of Riau Province is 3,02%.

The Population Growth Rate for each regency/town in Riau Province by June 2015

No

REGENCY/TOWN

Population Growth

1

Kampar Regency

3,02

2

Indragiri Hulu Regency

3,04

3

Bengkalis Regency

3,03

4

Indragiri Hilir Regency

3,03

5

Pelalawan Regency

3,02

6

Rokan Hulu Regency

3,00

7

Rokan Hilir Regency

3,01

8

Siak Regency

3,03

9

Kuantan Singingi Regency

3,01

10

Meranti Island Regency

3,03

11

Pekanbaru Town

3,03

12

Dumai Town

3,02

-

Average

3,02

Source: Department of Manpower, Transmigration and Population, Data of 2016 (Temporary Data))

Population according to the Religions

In the last three years, the total of population according to the religion embraced in 2015, there are 5.105.892 Muslims or 86,87% of Riau total population. There are 573.043 Christian believers or 9,74% of the total population and there are 2,28 % population who are Buddhists, 1,02 % who are Catholic believers, 0,01% who are Hinduism believers and  0,07 % who are other believers.   

   The Number of Population according to Religions Embraced Per June 2015

No

RELIGION

-

YEAR

-

-

-

2013

2014

2015

1

Islam

5.235.931

5.087.351

5.105.892

2

Katolik

100.343

61.745

59.954

3

Kristen

287.878

574.025

573.043

4

Budha

175.961

138.604

134.199

5

Hindu

21.267

1.162

874

6

Lainnya

5.095

4.471

3.925

Source: Department of Manpower, Transmigration and Population, Data of 2016 (Temporary Data))

Social Prosperity

Poverty

The poor in Riau Province on period of September 2012 to September 2015 fluctuate in number in which the number increase from 481,31 thousand people or 8,05 percent of the Riau population per September 2012 to 562,92 thousand people or 8,82 percent of Riau population per September 2015. This increase is rather high by 81,61 thousand people or 0,77 percent of Riau population. The number of the poor in urban areas per September 2012 is 156,41 thousand people and increases to 174,79 thousand people or increases by 18,38 thousand people per September 2015. In percentage, there are 0,37 percent of Riau population. Besides, the number of the poor in suburb areas per September 2015 is 338,13 thousand people or increases by 13,30 thousand people or 1,01 percent per September 2012.

The Number and The Percentage of the Poor Population in Riau Province Based on the Areas, September 2012-September 2015

YEAR

           

-

        

THE NUMBER OF TH E POOR

(thousand)

         

-

         

-

          

THE PERCENTAGE OF THE POOR

-

-


URBAN


SUBURB


URBAN+SUBURB


URBAN


SUBURB

URBAN+SUBURB

September 2012


156,41


324,90


481,31


6,68


8,94

8,05

September 2013


162,71


359,82


522,53


6,68


9,55

8,42

September 2014


159,53


338,75


498,28


6,53


8,93

7,99

September 2015


174,79


338,13


562,92


7,05


9,95

8,82

Source: Central Bureau Statistics of Riau, 2016 Data 

The number of the poor is strongly influenced by the Poverty Line. The poor are the population with monthly per capita approximate income which is under poverty line. Thus, the higher the poverty line is, the higher the number of the poor will be. 

The Poverty Line, Number and Percentage of The Poor in Riau Province per September 2015

Area/Year

      

-

         

Poverty Line (Rp/Capita/Month)

       

-

      

Number of  The Poor (Thousand)

       

Percentage of The Poor Population

-


Food


Non-food


Total


-


-

(1)


(2)


(3)


(4)


(5)


(6)

Urban Areas


288.956


128.812


417.768


174,79


7,05

Suburb Areas


318.195


98.585


416.780


388,13


9,95

Urban + Suburb


306.835


110.329


417.164


562,92


8,82

Source: Central Bureau Statistics of Riau, 2016 Data 

Table above shows that in the period of September 2015, the poverty line is Rp.417.164 per capita per month. According to the poverty line components, food and non food components, the contribution of food commodity is more than non-food commodity (housing, clothing, education and health). The contribution of food commodity on the poverty line per September 2015 is 73,55 percent while the contribution of non-food commodity on poverty line is 26,45 percent.

In addition, in period of September 2014 to September 2015, the Poverty Gap Index (P1) increases from 1,198 per September 2014 to 1,453 per September 2015. Also, the Poverty Severity Index (P2)increases from 0,288 to 0,446 in the same periods. The change in the both indexes indicates that the approximate outcome of the poor tends to be under the poverty line and the outcome imbalance tends to increase.

Poverty Gap Index (P1) and Poverty Severity Index (P2) in Riau Province Based on the areas, September 2014- September 2015

Year

Urban

Suburb

Urban + Suburb

Poverty Gap Index (P1)




-

-

-

-

September 2014

0,728

1,501

1,198

-

-

-

-

September 2015

0,834

1,874

1,453

-

-

-

-

Severity Gap Index (P2)




-

-

-

-

September 2014

0,110

0,403

0,288

-

-

-

-

September 2015

0,206

0,599

0,446

Source: Central Bureau Statistics of Riau, 2016 Data 

Compared between suburb and urban areas, the poverty gap index (P1) in suburb areas slightly increases from 1,501 per September 2014 to 1,847 per September 2015. The index in urban areas also increases from 0,728 per September 2014 to 0,834 per September 2015. This means that the approximate outcome of the poor either in suburb areas or urban areas is under the poverty line. `

The poverty severity index (P2) in suburb areas increases from 0,403 per September 2014 to 0,599 per September 2015;in urban areas, it also increases from 0,110 per September 2014 to 0,206 per September 2015. This means that there is imbalance on the poor’s outcome either in urban or suburb areas. 

Employments

The employment or labor is an aspect that is necessary to discuss because it is one of economy development indicators. The good employment contributes in development of economy. The problems which still obstacles the employment of Riau Province are the high rate of unemployment, the low quality of employees, the under-aged workers and so forth. Related to the quality of the labor forces, the participation of society in the working world should be supported by the quality of adequate human resources. It is due to the demands on the labor forces are no only about the working skills, but also the skills to compete in the specific working atmosphere and the competition in the field. The discussion about employment has been more appealing viewed from the participation of either mean or women in the working world. Along with the times, the number of working women increases due to the demand to support the family welfare so the condition where the women works has become an appealing issue to discuss. The characteristics of the working/career women, the quality of human resources, and the position compared to the men are the questions that should be answered to acquire information about the condition of Indonesian employment in the wider view.

The Labor Force based on Ages

The labor forces are over-15 years old population (manpower) and do not include school students, pensioners, housemaids and so forth. The labor forces are divided into two, the employed people and unemployed people.

The number of the labor forces in Riau Province according to ages is indicated as following table:           

The Labor Forces Number of Riau Province in 2015

No

Groups of Age

Sex

-

Total

-

-

Male

Female

-

1

15-19

261.593

248.098

509.691

2

20-24

253.111

242.810

495.921

3

25-29

254.536

259.303

513.839

4

30-34

271.296

268.724

540.020

5

35-39

252.395

239.525

491.920

6

40-44

218.296

202.504

420.800

7

45-49

179.232

161.959

341.191

8

50-54

136.756

123.847

260.603

9

55-59

101.840

88.689

190.529

10

60-64

67.023

54.828

121.851

-

Total

1.996.078

1.890.287

3.886.365

Source : Department of Manpower, Transmigration and Population, Data of 2016 (Temporary Data)

The table above shows that the highest number of the labor forces is at age 30-34, that is by 540.020 people; then at age 25-29 are 513,839 people; then at age 15-19 are 509.691 people. Meanwhile, the lower number of the labor forces is at age 60-64, that is by 121.851 people.

The Open Unemployment Rate

The open unemployment is the jobless population or job seekers. The unemployment emerges due to the imbalance between labor demands and supplies. The labor supplies overflow because of the high rate of population growth, the uneven population dispersion or the economy structure changes. In other side, the needs on the labors should be followed by requirements, such as sex, competence, education level, and even experience; in addition, the formal sectors tend to use the capital-intensive technologies which less provide employments.

The indicator related to the employment’s problems is the open unemployment rate. It is provide in percentage of the total unemployed population compared to the labor force. Table below shows the open unemployment rate of Riau Province:

Open Unemployment Rate of Riau Province in 2015

CHARACTERISTICS

TOTAL POPULATION

-


TOTAL


PERCENTAGE

-

MALE

FEMALE

            

-

         

-

Labor Force

1.996.078

1.890.287


3.886.365


66,12

1. Employed

1.529.938

343.989


1.873.927


31,88

2. Unemployed

466.140

1.546.298


2.012.438


34,24

Non-Labor force

1.031.196

960.326


1.991.522


33,88

Total Population

3.027.274

2.850.613


5.877.887


100,00

Labor Force Participation Rate

-

-


-


66,12

Open Unemployment Rate

-

-


-


51,78

Source : Department of Manpower, Transmigration and Population, Data of 2016 (Temporary Data)

            The data above shows that the percentage of open unemployment rate by 51,78 of 5.877.887people of Riau population. The rate is viewed from the productive-aged population that is 15 to 64 years-old population. Its is quite high because it is more than 50% of the total labor force.

            The percentage of the employed population is 31,88% of the total population or 1.873.927 people. The rate is less than the percentage of unemployment by 34,24% or 2.102.438 people; meanwhile, the percentage of the non-labor force is 33,88% or 1.991.522 people. The data indicates that the employed population bear the great responsibility over their family who are unemployed or non-labor force.

Over-15 Years Old Population according to Main Activities Per August 2014 to August 2015

Main Activities

2014


2015

    

Growth

(1)

(2)

      

(3)


(4)

1. Over -15 years old Population (people)

4.257.120


4.383.550


126.430

2. Labor Force (people)

2.695.247


2.771.349


76.102

     a. Employed

2.518.485


2.554.296


35.811

     b. Unemployed (Open Unemployment)

176.762


217.053


40.291

3. Non-Labor Force (People)

1.561.873


1.612.201


50.328

4. Labor Force Participation Rate (%)

63,31


63,22


0,09

5. Open Unemployment Rate (%)

6,56


7,83


1,27

 Source: Central Bureau of Statistics of Riau Province, 2016 (Temporary Data)

 The table above shows that percentage of the labor force participation rate per August 2014 to August 2015 decreases by 0,09%. The decrease is influenced by the increase of the open unemployment rate percentage by 1,27% per August 2014 to August 2015.

Over-15 Years Old Population according to Main Activities Per August 2015

Main Activities

Urban Areas

Rural Areas

Urban + Rural

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

1. Over -15 years old Population (people)

1.762.309

2.621.241

4.383.550

2. Labor Force (people)

1.102.938

1.668.411

2.771.349

     a. Employed

1.000.946

1.553.350

2.554.296

     b. Unemployed (Open Unemployment)

101.992

115.061

217.053

3. Non-Labor Force (People)

659.371

952.830

1.612.201

4. Labor Force Participation Rate (%)

62,58

63,65

63,22

5. Open Unemployment Rate (%)

9,25

6,90

7,83

 Source: Central Bureau of Statistics of Riau Province, 2016 (Temporary Data)

            Viewed from the table above, the number of working-age population (over 15 years old) in Riau Province per August 2015 is 4.383.550 people. The number of employed population is 2.554.296 people, in which 1.000.946 of them work in urban areas and the rest by 1.553.350 people work in rural areas. In view of working areas, the open employment rate in urban areas is quite high, by 9,25 percent and 6,90 percent in rural areas. Growing the sufficient economy with the expansion of employment orientation will be very helpful in reducing the unemployment rate.

            The open unemployment rate, which is 7,83 percent, shows the phenomena of the job seekers that keep increasing. Also, that might be caused by economic boosts, such as the needs for income, as well as the increasingly open job opportunity, mainly in urban areas. However, it does not increase in line with the increase of Labor Force Participation Rate; meaning that the percentage of the over 15 years-old population who work lowers. 

Education

The Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER)

The Gross Enrolment Rate (GER) can be defined as a comparison between number of students in all levels of education (all ages) and school-age group population according to the educational levels which is presented in percentage.

The GER calculation result is used to find out the number of school students at a particular educational level in a certain region. GER is the simplest indicators to measure the capacity of school-age population at each educational level. The higher the GER is, the more school-age population who attend school at a certain educational level in a certain region.

The GER value can be more than 100 %. It is due to the students population at a educational level includes over school-age students in the educational level concerned. For example, many over-12 years old students still attend elementary schools or many under-7 years old students attend elementary schools. 

The attendance of over-standard age students at a particular level of education shows that there are cases of failing a grade or being missed for school enrolment. In contrast, the attendance of under-standard age students at a particular level of education shows that the students attend the school at earlier age.

The following table shows the GER of Riau Province:

The Gross Enrolment Rate of Riau Province in 2015 

No

Educational Level

Number of Population

Number of Students

GER

1

Elementary

828.604

825.520

99,63

2

Junior High

407.305

314.703

77,26

3

Senior High

346.918

231.256

66,66

 Source : Department of Manpower, Transmigration and Population, Data of 2016

The data above shows that the Gross Enrolment Rate (GER) of Riau Province is quite high in elementary education level. Yet, it is still lower for junior high and senior high education level. The data shows that 77,26% of GER is at junior high level and 66,66% of GER is at senior high level.  

The Net Enrolment Rate (NER)

The Net Enrolment Rate (NER) can be defined as a comparison between number of school-age group students at the particular level of education (according to ages) and appropriate school-age population which is presented in percentage. Differed from GER which is used to find out the number of school-age populations who have already attended schools at a particular level of education for al ages, the Net Enrolment Rate (NER) is used to find out the proportion of population attending school at appropriate age.

If all school-age children attend school at appropriate age, the NER will reach 100%. The higher the NER is, the more school-age children attending schools in a certain region at a particular level of education. The ideal NER is 100% because there are students coming from other regions who are allowed to repeat each level, region, city or borderland. Generally, the NER is always lower than GER because GER includes the out-school age students at the concerned level of education. Deviation between GER and NER shows the proportion of students who are missed or too early in attending school. The GER’s limitation is that there is possibility of under estimation because there are out-standard age students at a particular level of education; Foe example, a 6 year-old student of first grade will not be in calculation of NER because the age is under standard age for elementary level that is age 7 to 12.  The following table presents the Net Enrolment Rate (NER) OF Riau Province:

The Net Enrolment Rate of Riau Province in 2015

No

Educational Level

Number of Population

Number of Students

NER

1

Elementary

828.604

795.850

99,63

2

Junior High

407.305

243.572

59,8

3

Senior High

346.918

197.714

56,99

 Source : Department of Manpower, Transmigration and Population, Data of 2016

The data presented above shows that the Net Enrolment Rate (NER) OF Riau Province is quite high at elementary level, while its is lower at junior high and senior high level. It shows that 59,8% of NER is at junior high level and 56,99% of NER is at senior high level.        

The Literacy Rate

The literacy rate is the proportion of over-15 years old population who are literate, without having to understand what they are literate about, towards the total of over-15 years old population. The literacy rate is used as the main indicator to find out how populations of a region are open about knowledge.The table below shows the literacy rate of Riau Province in 2015.   

Literacy Rate of Riau Province in 2015 

No

REGENCY/TOWN

        

Number of Population at age 7 to >75


      Literacy Rate

1

KAMPAR REGENCY


621.148


98,64

2

INDRAGIRI HULU REGENCY


368.055


98,23

3

BENGKALIS REGENCY


461.131


98,18

4

INDRAGIRI HILIR REGENCY


560.296


99,20

5

PELALAWAN REGENCY


316.442


98,53

6

ROKAN HULU REGENCY


489.369


98,44

7

ROKAN HILIR REGENCY


561.424


98,20

8

SIAK REGENCY


356.759


98,69

9

KUANTAN SINGINGI REGENCY


287.180


98,12

10

MERANTI ISLAND REGENCY


184.764


90,57

11

PEKANBARU TOWN


759.736


99,90

12

DUMAI TOWN


230.319


99,43

-

TOTAL

-

5.196.623

       
98,48

Source : Department of Manpower, Transmigration and Population, Data of 2016

The data above shows the literacy rate in the regencies /towns of Riau Province. The highest literacy rate is at Pekanbaru Town by 99,90%, the lowest one is at Meranti Islands Regency by 90,57%. The government needs to improve the quality of public education, mainly in literacy in all regencies and towns of Riau Province. 

Human Resources and Infrastructures of Education 

In aspect of education, the teachers have strongly important roles in achieving the highly civilized society. In year 2015, the number of teachers in Riau Province increases significantly compared to year 2014. The number of Kindergarten teachers is 15.379 people increasing by 104,94 percent. The number of elementary school teachers is 51.611 people increasing by 8,87 percent and the number of special school teachers is 481 people. The number of junior high school teachers also increases by 3.438 or 20,36 percent and the number of senior high school teachers increases by 7.940 people or 60,98 percent compared to the previous year. 

The Number of School Teachers of Riau Province in year 2013 to 2015 (People)

Category

-

Year

-

-

2013

2014

2015

Kindergarten

7.505

7.504

15.379

Male

-

174

508

Female

-

7.330

14.694

Elementary School

48.953

47.407

51.611

Male

19.984

15.307

14.467

Female

33.969

32.100

37.144

Special School

256

481

481

Male

67

112

112

Female

189

369

369

Junior High School

15.756

16.882

20.320

Male

5.445

5.669

6.326

Female

10.311

11.213

13.994

Senior High School

12.346

13.020

20.960

Male

4.737

5.059

8.096

Female

7.069

7.961

12.864

Source: Department of Education and Culture of Riau Province , 2015 (Temporary Data)

The educational facilities also role significantly in providing services for students in teaching and learning process. Compared to year 2014, the number of educational facilities in 2015 also increases. The number of the kindergartens is 1.803 units, increasing by 27,6 percent, of the elementary school is 3.173 units, increasing by 0,34 percent with total number of classrooms by 30.432 units and 525 laboratories. The number of the special schools is 33 units with 333 classrooms and 8 laboratories. 

In addition, the number of the junior high school is 1.084 units, increasing 11,41 percent with the total number of classrooms by 9.057 units and 1.082 laboratories. The number of the senior high school is 691 units, increasing by 12,96 percent with the total of classrooms by 8.075 units and 1.125 laboratories.

The Number of School Infrastructures of Riau Province in 2013-2015 (Unit) 

Category

-

Year

-

-

2013

2014

2015

Kindergarten

  State

75

51

-

  Private

1.409

1.362

-

  Total

1.484

1.413

1.803

Elementary School

  State

3.129

3.167

3.173

  Private

360

405

411

  Total

3.489

3.572

3.584

  Total Classrooms

20.816

29.855

30.432

  Total Laboratories

-

-

525

Special School

  State

15

12

12

  Private

21

21

21

  Total

36

33

33

  Total Classrooms

390

333

333

  Total Laboratories

-

-

8

Junior High School

  State

735

743

794

  Private

229

230

290

  Total

964

973

1.084

  Total Classrooms

7.096

7.652

9.057

  Total Laboratories

673

724

1.082

Senior High School

  State

340

350

383

  Private

257

244

288

  Total

597

594

671

  Total Classrooms

5.520

5.797

8.075

  Total Laboratories

613

964

1.125

Source: Department of Education and Culture of Riau Province , 2015 (Temporary Data)

The data obtained from Education and Culture Department of Riau Province indicates that the number of students in Riau Province in year 2015 slightly decreases from year 2014. The total of the kindergarten students decreases by 15.078 people or 33,05 percent. The total of the elementary school students is 803.063 people, increasing by   91.541 people or 12,87 percent and the total of the special school students is 1.975 people, decreasing by 141 people or 6,66 percent compared to the previous year. The total of junior high school students is 250.675 people, increasing by 19.225 people or 8,31 percent and the total of senior high school students is 102.705 people, decreasing by 58.958 people or 36,47 percent compared to year 2014.

The Number of School Students of Riau Province in year 2013 to 2015 (People)

Category

-

Year

-

-

2013

2014

2015

Kindergarten

Male

-

47.864

17.565

Female

-

47.762

12.981

Total

93.599

45.624

30.546

Elementary School

State

627.580

619.284

694.655

Male

324.688

323.284

363.251

Female

302.892

246.000

331.404

Private

90.933

92.238

108.408

Male

47.334

48.525

57.101

Female

43.599

43.713

51.307

Total

718.513

711.522

803.063

Special School

State

700

1.064

975

Male

361

662

610

Female

339

402

365

Private

1.087

1.052

1.000

Male

676

663

615

Female

411

389

385

Total

1.787

2.116

1.975

Junior High School

State

188.973

191.325

205.418

State

94.662

93.724

139.297

Male

94.311

47.601

66.121

Female

41.229

40.125

45.257

Private

21.211

21.164

24.130

Male

20.018

18.961

21.127

Female

230.202

231.450

250.675

Senior High School

State

131.165

203.661

-

Private

66.242

68.270

-

Total

197.407

271.930

202.618

Male

-

110.267

99.913

Female

-

161.663

102.705

Source: Department of Education and Culture of Riau Province , 2015 (Temporary Data)

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